copper gold scheelite plant process flowsheet

The processing of copper-gold-scheelite ores involves a complex flowsheet designed to recover all valuable minerals efficiently. The typical process begins with crushing and grinding the ore to liberate the minerals. The crushed ore is then subjected to gravity separation to recover scheelite, which has a high specific gravity. This step often employs spirals, shaking tables, or centrifugal concentrators.

Following gravity separation, the remaining ore undergoes flotation to separate copper and gold minerals. Sulfide minerals like chalcopyrite (copper) and pyrite (often associated with gold) are floated using collectors such as xanthates or dithiophosphates. The flotation process may include multiple stages, including rougher, scavenger, and cleaner circuits, to maximize recovery.

The scheelite concentrate from gravity separation is further purified through magnetic separation or leaching to remove impurities. Meanwhile, the copper-gold concentrate from flotation is thickened and filtered before being sent to a smelter for further refining. In some cases, direct cyanidation or other leaching methods are applied to extract gold from the flotation tailings.

Water management is critical in these plants, with recirculation systems minimizing freshwater usage. Tailings are often treated to neutralize any residual reagents before disposal. The final products include high-grade scheelite concentrate, copper-gold concentrate, and sometimes doré bars if onsite gold refining is implemented.

Modern plants may also incorporate advanced technologies like sensor-based sorting or bioleaching to improve efficiency. Environmental considerations play a significant role in flowsheet design, ensuring compliance with regulations while maintaining economic viability.